Syllabus of B. Tech. VIII Sem EC (RGPV)

• EC-801- Optical Fibre Communication

• EC-802 (A) AI & Signal Processing (Departmental Elective)

• EC-802 (B) Wireless Communication (Departmental Elective)

• EC-802 (C) 5G Technology (Departmental Elective)

• EC-803 (A) Wireless Network (Open Elective)

• EC-803 (B) Digital Image Processing(Open Elective)

• EC-803 (C) Speech Processing (Open Elective)

• EC-804- Advanced Communication Engg. Lab

​Syllabus of EC-801 Optical Fibre Communication

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 :

• Introduction to vector nature of light

• propagation of light

• propagation of light in a cylindrical dielectric rod

• Ray model wave model.

• Different types of optical fibers

• Modal analysis of fiber.

• Optical fibres : Structure & wave guiding fundamentals

• basic optical laws.

UNIT-2 :

• Signal degradation in Optical Fibre : Signal degradation on optical fiber due to dispersion and attenuation

• intermodal and intramodal dispersion

• Fabrication of fibers and measurement techniques like OTDR

UNIT-3 :

• Optical sources and detectors : LEDs LASER diodes

• Basic concepts of optical Sources various laser and LED structures

• Optical detectors : basic principle of photo detection

• PIN and avalanche photo diode

• phototransistor photo detector noise

• detector response time.

UNIT-4 :

• Optical transceivers;

• Direct detection and coherent receivers

• noise in detection process

• digital receiver performance calculation

• BER System design power budgeting

• rise time budgeting; fibre joints and splicing techniques

• Optical fibre connectors.

UNIT-5 :

• Optical networks and amplifiers- Optical networks : Topologies networks SONET and SDH.

• Optical amplifiers – EDFA

• Raman amplifier and WDM systems Passive Optical Networks.

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-802 (A) AI & Signal Processing(Departmental Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Introduction of AI

• What is AI? Foundations of AI

• History of AI Agents and environments

• The nature of the Environment

• Problem solving Agents Problem Formulation

• Search Strategies

UNIT-2 : Knowledge and Reasoning

• Knowledge-based Agents Representation Reasoning and Logic Prepositional logic

• First order logic Using First-order logic

• Inference in First-order logic

• forward and Backward Chaining

UNIT-3 : Learning

• Learning from observations

• Forms of Learning Inductive Learning

• Learning decision trees why learning works

• Learning in Neural and Belief networks.

UNIT-4 : Orthogonal transforms

• DFT DCT and Haar;

• Properties of DFT;

• Computation of DFT : FFT and structures

• Decimation in time Decimation in frequency;

• Linear convolution using DFT;

• Digital filter structures : Basic FIR/IIR filter structures

• FIR/IIR Cascaded lattice structures

• Parallel allpass realization of IIR transfer functions.

UNIT-5 : Multi rate signal processing

• Basic structures for sampling rate conversion

• Decimators and Interpolators;

• Multistage design of interpolators and decimators;

• Polyphase decomposition and FIR structures;

• Computationally efficient sampling rate converters

• Lagrange interpolation

• Spline interpolation;

• Quadrature mirror filter banks;

• Applications in subband coding;

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-802 (B) Wireless Communication(Departmental Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Introduction

• Applications and requirements of wireless services : history types of services requirements for the services

• economic and social aspects.

• Technical challenges in wireless communications : multipath propagation

• spectrum limitations

• limited energy

• user mobility

• noise and interference-limited systems.

• Propagation mechanism : free space loss

• reflection and transmission

• diffraction scattering by rough surfaces

• wave guiding.

UNIT-2 : Wireless Propagation channels

• Statistical description of the wireless channel : time invariant and variant two path models

• small-scale fading with and without a dominant component

• Doppler spectra temporal dependence of fading

• large scale fading.

• Wideband and directional channel characteristics : causes of delay dispersion system theoretic description of wireless channels

• WSSUS model condensed parameters

• ultra wideband channels

• directional description.

UNIT-3 :

• Channel models : Narrowband wideband and directional models

• deterministic channel modeling methods.

• Channel sounding : Introduction

• time domain measurements

• frequency domain analysis

• modified measurement methods

• directionally resolved measurements.

• Antennas : Introduction antennas for mobile stations

• antennas for base stations.

UNIT-4 :

• Transceivers and signal processing : Structure of a wireless communication link: transceiver block structure

• simplified models.

• Modulation formats demodulator structure

• error probability in AWGN channels

• error probability in flat-fading channels

• error probability in delay and frequency-dispersive fading channels.

UNIT-5 :

• Diversity : Introduction microdiversity

• macrodiversity and simulcast

• combination of signals

• error probability in fading channels with diversity reception

• transmit diversity.

• Equalizers : Introduction linear equalizers

• Decision feedback equalizers

• maximum likelihood sequence estimation (Viterbi detector)

• comparison of equalizer structures

• fractional spaced equalizers

• blind equalizers.

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-802 (C) 5G Technology(Departmental Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 :

• Overview of 5G Broadband Wireless Communications : Evaluation of mobile technologies 1G to 4G (LTE LTEA LTEA Pro)

• An Overview of 5G requirements

• Regulations for 5G

• Spectrum Analysis and Sharing for 5G.

UNIT-2 :

• The 5G wireless Propagation Channels : Channel modeling requirements

• propagation scenarios and challenges in the 5G modeling

• Channel Models for mm Wave MIMO Systems.

UNIT-3 :

• Transmission and Design Techniques for 5G : Basic requirements of transmission over 5G

• Modulation Techniques – Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)

• generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM)

• filter bank multi-carriers (FBMC) and universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC)

• Multiple Accesses Techniques – orthogonal frequency division multiple accesses (OFDMA)

• generalized frequency division multiple accesses (GFDMA)

• non-orthogonal multiple accesses (NOMA).

UNIT-4 :

• Device-to-device (D2D) and machine-to-machine (M2M) type communications – Extension of 4G D2D standardization to 5G

• radio resource management for mobile broadband D2D

• multi-hop and multi-operator D2D communications.

UNIT-5 :

• Millimeter-wave Communications – spectrum regulations

• deployment scenarios

• beam-forming physical layer techniques

• interference and mobility management

• Massive MIMO propagation channel models

• Channel Estimation in Massive MIMO

• Massive MIMO with Imperfect CSI

• Multi-Cell Massive MIMO

• Pilot Contamination

• Spatial Modulation (SM).

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-803 (A) Wireless Network (Open Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Review of Cellular Networks

• Mobile telephony GSM CDMA/CD

• Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS).

• Advancement and migrations.

• WLAN- PHY Layer and MAC Layer-IEEE 802.11 (a b g ac)

• HIPERLAN Wireless ATM

• WiMAX- PHY Layer and MAC Layer IEEE 802.16 (fixed and mobile).

UNIT-2 : LTE systems

• Introduction to 3GPP

• LTE & LTE-A standards

• LTE uplink/downlink

• E-UTRAN architecture-Mobility and resource management

• services UTRAN- Architecture

• HSDPA HSUPA OFDM OFDMA

• SISO system

• MIMO system

• OFDM-MIMO.

UNIT-3 : Wireless Sensor Networks

• Introduction to wireless sensor network (WSN)

• WSN-Architecture

• Coverage and placement

• Topology management in WSN

• Applications Mobile WSN

• Technologies for sensor nodes & networks

• operating environment

• Under water WSN

• Security of WSN MAC Routing and Transport protocols for WSN

UNIT-4 : Wireless routing Protocols

• Medium access problems in wireless networks

• Traditional routing

• Mobile network layer Mobile IP

• Introduction to IPv4 and IPv6

• Data forwarding procedure in Mobile IP (IPv4 and IPv6)

• Mobility management Protocol trade-offs

• Congestion window management

• Mobile transport layer- Traditional TCP

• mobile TCP Indirect TCP Reno New-Reno

• Tahoe Vegas. UDP.

UNIT-5 : Internet of things (IoT) and GPS systems

• IoT architecture

• Main design principles and needed capabilities

• IoT Devices and gateways Case studies : Sensor body area network

• Control of a smart home

• Smart vehicles Smart manufacturing and smart factory.

• Emerging IoT standards

• IoT-protocols IoT Local and wide area networking

• IEEE 802.15 WPAN Bluetooth-pico net scatter net

• Protocol stack Interface between 802.11 and Bluetooth.

• Geolocation service techniques and standards.

• Introduction to GPS-aided GEO augmented navigation (GAGAN)

• E.911 ZigBee UWB and RFID.

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-803 (B) Digital Image Processing (Open Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Digital Image Processing (DIP)

• Introduction examples of fields that use DIP

• fundamental steps in DIP

• components of an image processing system.

• Digital Image Fundamentals : elements of visual perception

• image sensing and acquisition

• image sampling and quantization

• basic relationships between pixels.

UNIT-2 : Image Transforms

• Two-dimensional (2D) impulse and its shifting properties

• 2D continuous Fourier Transform pair

• 2D sampling and sampling theorem

• 2D Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)

• properties of 2D DFT.

• Other transforms and their properties : Cosine transform

• Sine transform Walsh transform

• Hadamard transform

• Haar transform

• Slant transform KL transform.

UNIT-3 : Image Enhancement

• Spatial domain methods : basic intensity transformation functions

• fundamentals of spatial filtering

• smoothing spatial filters (linear and non-linear)

• sharpening spatial filters (unsharp masking and high boost filters)

• combined spatial enhancement method.

• Frequency domain methods: basics of filtering in frequency domain

• image smoothing filters (Butterworth and Gaussian low pass filters)

• image sharpening filters (Butterworth and Gaussian high pass filters)

• selective filtering

UNIT-4 : Image Restoration

• Image degradation/restoration

• noise models restoration by spatial filtering

• noise reduction by frequency domain filtering

• linear position invariant degradations

• estimation of degradation function

• inverse filtering Wiener filtering

• image reconstruction from projection.

UNIT-5 : Image Compression

• Fundamentals of data compression : basic compression methods: Huffman coding Golomb coding LZW coding Run-Length coding

• Symbol based coding.

• Digital image watermarking

• representation and description- minimum perimeter polygons algorithm (MPP).

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-803 (C) Speech Processing (Open Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Basic Concepts of Speech Processing

• Speech Fundamentals : Articulatory Phonetics – Production and Classification of Speech Sounds;

• Acoustic Phonetics – acoustics of speech production;

• Review of Digital Signal Processing concepts;

• Short-Time Fourier Transform

• Filter-Bank and LPC Methods.

UNIT-2 : Speech Analysis

• Features Feature Extraction and Pattern Comparison Techniques: Speech distortion measures – mathematical and perceptual – Log Spectral Distance

• Cepstral Distances

• Weighted Cepstral Distances and Filtering

• Likelihood Distortions

• Spectral Distortion using a Warped Frequency Scale

• LPC PLP and MFCC Coefficients

• Time Alignment and Normalization – Dynamic Time Warping

• Multiple Time – Alignment Paths.

UNIT-3 : Speech Modeling

• Hidden Markov Models: Markov Processes

• HMMs – Evaluation

• Optimal State Sequence – Viterbi Search

• Baum-Welch Parameter Re-estimation

• Implementation issues.

UNIT-4 : Speech Recognition

• Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition : Architecture of a large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system

• acoustics and language models

• n grams context dependent sub-word units; Applications and present status.

UNIT-5 : Speech Synthesis

• Text-to-Speech Synthesis : Concatenative and waveform synthesis methods

• subword units for TTS

• intelligibility and naturalness – role of prosody

• Applications and present status.

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-804 Advanced Communication Engg. Lab

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

1. Amplitude Shift Keying Modulation and Demodulation
2. Frequency shift keying Modulation and Demodulation
3. BPSK Generation and Detection
4. DPSK Generation and detection.
5. QPSK Generation and detection
6. Time Division Multiplexing of 2 Bandlimited Signals
7. Analog and Digital Communication Link Using Optical Fiber
8. Study of Manchaster Coding & Decoding
9. Measurement of frequency guided wavelength power VSWR and attenuation in a microwave test bench
10. Study Of Dipole Antenna Radiation Pattern ( Simple Dipole and Folded Dipole antenna)
11. To find the Gain and Directivity of Yagi-Uda Antenna Dipole antenna and Patch antenna
12. Determination of coupling and isolation characteristics of a stripline directional coupler.
13. Power Division and Isolation characteristics of a microstrip 3dB power divider

== END OF UNITS==

==End of Syllabus==