Syllabus of B. Tech. VII Sem EC (RGPV)

• EC-701 VLSI Design

• EC- 702 (A) MICROWAVE ENGINEERING (Departmental Elective)

• EC- 702 (B) INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING (Departmental Elective)

• EC- 702 (C) Nano Electronics (Departmental Elective)

• EC- 703 (A) Cellular Mobile Communication (Open Elective)

• EC- 703 (B) Internet of Things (IoT) (Open Elective)

• EC- 703 (C) Probability Theory and Stochastic processing (Open Elective)

• EC- 705 IOT LAB

Syllabus of EC-701 VLSI Design

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Practical Consideration and Technology in VLSI Design

• Introduction Size and complexity of Integrated Circuits

• The Microelectronics Field

• IC ProductionProcess Processing Steps

• Packaging and Testing MOS Processes

• NMOS Process CMOS ProcessBipolar Technology

• Hybrid Technology

• Design Rules and Process

UNIT-2 : Device Modeling

• Dc Models Small Signal Models

• MOS Models MOSFET Models in High Frequency and small signal

• Short channel devices

• Sub threshold Operations

• Modeling Noise Sources in MOSFET’s

• Diode ModelsBipolar Models

• Passive component Models.

UNIT-3 : Circuit Simulation

• Introduction Circuit Simulation Using Spice

• MOSFET Model Level 1 Large signal model

• Level 2Large Signal Model

• High Frequency Model

• Noise Model of MOSFET

• Large signal Diode Current

• High Frequency BJT Model

• BJT Noise Model

• temperature Dependence of BJT.

UNIT-4 : Structured Digital Circuits and Systems

• Random Logic and Structured Logic Forms

• Register Storage Circuits Quasi Static Register Cells

• AStatic Register Cell

• Micro coded Controllers

• Microprocessor Design

• Systolic Arrays

• Bit-SerialProcessing Elements

• Algotronix.

UNIT-5 : CMOS Processing Technology

• Basic CMOS Technology

• A Basic n-well CMOS Process

• Twin Tub Processes

• CMOS ProcessEnhancement

• Interconnects and Circuit Elements

• Layout Design Rules Latch up

• Physical Origin Latchup Triggering

• Latch up Prevention

• Internal Latch up Prevention Techniques.

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-702 (A) Microwave Engineering (Departmental Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 :

• Features and applications of microwaves

• Wave propagation in striplines and microstrip lines

• Slot lines Limitations of conventional vacuum tubes

• Microwave tubes like Two cavity klystron and Reflex klystron

• Magnetron TWT Backward wave oscillator etc.

• millimeter wave integrated circuits.

UNIT-2 :

• Solid state microwave sources

• transferred electron devices

• Tunnel diode Gunn diode and oscillators

• IMPATT diode TRAPATT diode Pin diode

• Varactor diode Schottky diode

• Parametric amplifiers Crystal diode

• Frequency multipliers Microwave BJT & FET

UNIT-3 :

• Scattering matrix

• S-parameters & its applications in Network analysis

• Matching Network Detector diodes detector mounts

• detector output indicator

• slotted line measurement of power

• impedance & S-parameter

• measurement of frequency & VSWR.

UNIT-4 :

• Impedance transformer Microwave filters

• Power dividers and directional couplers

• E-plane Tee H-plane tee Matched hybrid Tee.

• Wave propagation in ferrite medium

• Isolators Circulators YIG resonators

• Simulation Techniques for design of Microwave Components.

UNIT-5 :

• Analysis and design of Dielectric resonators;

• Design of RF and microwave low noise and power amplifiers & oscillators using S-parameter techniques

• Mixer and converter design

• diode phase shifters attenuators

• Design of hybrid and monolithic

• microwave and

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-702 (B) Information Theory and Coding (Departmental Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 :

• Information Theory : Introduction to uncertainty

• entropy and its properties

• entropy of binary memoryless source and its extension to discrete memory-less source

• Measure of information Information content ofmessage

• Average Information content of symbols.

• Self information

• Mutualinformation and its properties

UNIT-2 :

• Coding theorem:Source coding theorem

• prefix coding Shannon’s Encoding Algorithm

• Shannon Fano Encoding Algorithm

• Huffman coding Extended Huffman codingArithmetic Coding

• Lempel-Ziv Coding Run Length Encoding.

UNIT-3 :

• Information Channels : Communication Channels

• Channel Models Channel Matrix

• Joint probability Matrix

• Discrete memory less channels

• Binary symmetric channeland its channel capacity

• channel coding theorem

• and its application to Binary Erasure Channel

• Shannon’s theorem on channel capacity

• capacity of channel of infinite bandwidth

• Continuous Channels.

UNIT-4 :

• Error Control Coding:Introduction

• Examples of Error control coding

• methods of Controlling Errors Typesof Errors

• types of Codes

• Linear Block Codes : matrix description of Linear BlockCodes

• Error Detection and Error Correction Capabilities of Linear Block Codes

• Probability of undetected error for linear block code in BSC

• hamming Codes and their applications

• Cyclic Codes : Cyclic codes and its basic properties

• Encoding using an (n-k) BitShift register

• Generator & parity check matrix of cyclic codes

• encoding & decoding circuits

• syndrome computation

• error detection and correction

UNIT-5 :

• Introduction to BCH codes

• its encoding & decoding error location & correction.

• Convolution Codes:Introduction to convolution codes

• its construction Convolution Encoder

• Time domain approach

• Transform domainapproach

• Code Tree Trellis and State Diagram

• Viterbi algorithm : Introduction of theorem for maximum likelihood decoding.

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-702 (C) Nano Electronics (Departmental Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 :

• Overview of semiconductor physics.

• Nanoscale band structure and Electron transport

• Quantum confinement in semiconductor nanostructures :

• quantum wells quantum wires quantum dots

• super-lattices band offsets and electronic density of states

• heavily doped semiconductors and low dimensional quantum devices.

UNIT-2 :

• Introduction to lithography- Contact

• proximity printing and Projection Printing

• Resolution Enhancement techniques

• overlay-accuracies

• Mask-Error enhancement factor (MEEF)

• Positive and negative photoresists

• Electron Lithography Projection Printing

• Direct writing Electron resists.

UNIT-3 :

• Tunnel junction and applications of tunneling

• Tunneling Through a Potential Barrier

• Metal—Insulator Metal-Semiconductor

• and Metal-Insulator-Metal Junctions

• Coulomb Blockade Coulomb blockade in nanocapacitor

• Tunnel Junctions

• Tunnel Junction Excited by a Current Source.

UNIT-4 :

• Field Emission

• Gate—Oxide Tunneling and Hot Electron Effects in nano MOSFETs

• Theory of Scanning Tunneling Microscope

• Double Barrier Tunneling and the Resonant Tunneling Diode.

• Nanoscale MOSFET Finfets

• charge and energy quantization in Single electron devices.

UNIT-5 :

• Scaling of physical systems – Geometric scaling & Electrical system scaling Introduction to MEMS and NEMS

• working principles as micro sensors (acoustic wave sensor biomedical and biosensor chemical sensor optical sensor capacitive sensor pressure sensor and thermal sensor)

• micro actuation (thermal actuation piezoelectric actuation).

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-703 (A) Cellular Mobile Communication (Departmental Elective )

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 :

• Introduction to cellular mobile system : A basic cellular system performance criteria uniqueness of mobile radio environment

• operation of cellular systems

• planning of cellular system

• Elements of cellular radio system design : General description of problem

• concept of frequency reuse channels

• co-channel interference reduction factor

• desired C/I in an omni-directional antenna system

• hand off mechanism cell splitting

• components of cellular systems.

UNIT-2 :

• Cell coverage for signal and traffic : General introduction mobile point-to-point model propagation over water or flat open area

• foliage loss propagation in near- in distance long distance propagation

• path loss from pointto-point prediction model

• cell site antenna heights and signal coverage cells

• mobile-tomobile propagation.

• Cell site antennas and mobile antennas: Equivalent circuits of antennas gain and pattern relationship sum and difference patterns antennas at cell site unique situations of cell site antennas mobile antennas.

UNIT-3 :

• Cochannel interference reduction: Cochannel interference

• real time cochannel interference measurement at mobile radio transceivers

• design of antenna systems – omni directional and directional

• lowering the antenna height

• reduction of cochannel interference

• umbrella- pattern effect

• diversity receiver

• designing a system to serve a predefined area that experiences cochannel interference.

Types of Noncochannel interference:

• Adjacent channel interference

• near-end-far-end interference

• effect on near-end mobile units

• cross-talk effects of coverage and interference by applying power decrease

• antenna height decrease beam tilting

• effects of cell site components

• interference between systems

• UHF TV interference

• long distance interference.

UNIT-4 :

• Frequency management and Channel Assignment : Frequency management frequency spectrum utilization setup channels

• channel assignment

• fixed channel assignment

• non-fixed channel assignment algorithms

• additional spectrum traffic and channel assignment

• perception of call blocking from the subscribers

UNIT-5 :

• Digital Cellular Systems : GSM- architecture

• layer modeling transmission

• GSM channels and channel modes

• multiple access scheme.

• CDMA- terms of CDMA systems

• output power limits and control

• modulation characteristics call processing

• hand off procedures.

• Miscellaneous mobile systems- TDD systems

• cordless phone PDC PCN PCS

• non cellular systems.

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-703 (B) Internet of Things (IoT)(Open Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 :

• Introduction : Definition Characteristics of IOT

• IOT Conceptual framework

• IOT Architectural view

• Physical design of IOT

• Logical design of IOT

• Application of IOT.

UNIT-2 :

• Machine-to-machine (M2M)

• SDN (software defined networking) and NFV(network function virtualization) for IOT data storage in IOT

• IOT Cloud Based Services.

UNIT-3 :

• Design Principles for Web Connectivity : Web Communication Protocols for connected devices

• Message Communication Protocols for connected devices

• MQTT CoAP SOAP REST

• HTTP Restful and Web Sockets.

• Internet Connectivity Principles : Internet Connectivity Internet based communication

• IP addressing in IOT

• Media Access control.

UNIT-4 :

• Sensor Technology Participatory Sensing

• Industrial IOT and Automotive IOT

• Actuator Sensor data Communication Protocols

• Radio Frequency Identification Technology

• Wireless Sensor Network Technology.

UNIT-5 :

• IOT Design methodology : Specification -Requirement process

• model service functional & operational view.

• IOT Privacy and security solutions

• Raspberry Pi &arduino devices.

• IOT Case studies : smart city streetlights control & monitoring.

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC- 703 (C) Probability Theory and Stochastic processing (Open Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 :

• Probability and Random Variable Probability : Probability introduced through Sets and Relative Frequency Experiments and Sample Spaces

• Discrete and Continuous Sample Spaces

• Events Probability Definitions and Axioms

• Mathematical Model of Experiments

• Probability as a Relative Frequency

• Joint Probability Conditional Probability

• Total Probability Bayes’ Theorem Independent Events.

• Random Variable : Definition of a Random Variable

• Conditions for a Function to be a Random Variable

• Discrete Continuous and Mixed Random Variables

UNIT-2 :

• Distribution & Density Functions and Operation on One Random Variable – Expectations Distribution; Density Functions: Distribution and Density functions and their Properties – Binomial Poisson Uniform

• Gaussian Exponential Rayleigh and Conditional Distribution

• Methods of defining Conditional Event

• Conditional Density Properties.

• Operation on One Random Variable – Expectations : Introduction Expected Value of a Random Variable

• Function of a Random Variable

• Moments about the Origin Central Moments

• Variance and Skew Chebychev’s Inequality

• Characteristic Function Moment Generating Function

• Transformations of a Random Variable : Monotonic Transformations for a Continuous Random Variable

• Non-monotonic Transformations of Continuous Random Variable

• Transformation of a Discrete Random Variable.

UNIT-3 :

• Multiple Random Variables and Operations Multiple Random Variables : Vector Random Variables

• Joint Distribution Function

• Properties of Joint Distribution

• Marginal Distribution Functions

• Conditional Distribution and Density – Point Conditioning

• Conditional Distribution and Density – Interval conditioning

• Statistical Independence Sum of Two Random Variables

• Sum of Several Random Variables

• Central Limit Theorem (Proof not expected)

• Unequal Distribution Equal Distributions.

• Operations on Multiple Random Variables : Expected Value of a Function of Random Variables: Joint Moments about the Origin

• Joint Central Moments Joint Characteristic Functions

• Jointly Gaussian Random Variables : Two Random Variables case

• N Random Variable case Properties

• Transformations of Multiple Random Variables

• Linear Transformations of Gaussian Random Variables.

UNIT-4 :

• Stochastic Processes – Temporal Characteristics : The Stochastic Process Concept Classification of Processes

• Deterministic and Nondeterministic Processes

• Distribution and Density Functions

• Concept of Stationarity and Statistical Independence

• First-Order Stationary Processes

• Second-Order and Wide-Sense Stationarity

• Nth Order and Strict-Sense Stationarity

• Time Averages and Ergodicity Mean-Ergodic Processes

• Correlation-Ergodic Processes

• Autocorrelation Function and its Properties

• Cross-Correlation Function and its Properties

• Covariance and its Properties

• Linear System Response of Mean and Meansquared Value

• Autocorrelation Function

• Cross-Correlation Functions

• Gaussian Random Processes

• Poisson Random Process.

UNIT-5 :

• Stochastic Processes – Spectral Characteristics : Power Spectrum: Properties Relationship between Power Spectrum and Autocorrelation Function

• Cross-Power Density Spectrum

• Properties Relationship between Cross-Power Spectrum and Cross-Correlation Function

• Spectral Characteristics of System Response : Power Density Spectrum of Response

• Cross Power Spectral Density of Input and Output of a Linear System.

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC- 705 IOT LAB

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

List of Experiments

LAB INDEX Design Developed and implement following using Arduino Raspberry Pi compiler and Python language in Linux/Windows environment.

1. Study and Install IDE of Arduino and different types of Arduino.
2. Write program using Arduino IDE for Blink LED.
3. Write Program for RGB LED using Arduino.
4. Study the Temperature sensor and Write Program foe monitor temperature using Arduino.
5. Study and Implement RFID NFC using Arduino.
6. Study and Configure Raspberry Pi.
7. WAP for LED blink using Raspberry Pi.
8. Study and Implement Zigbee Protocol using Arduino / Raspberry Pi.
9. Study and implement MQTT protocol using Arduino. 1
10. Study and implement CoAP protocol using Arduino.

== END OF UNITS==

==End of Syllabus==