Syllabus of B. Tech. VI Sem EC (RGPV)

• EC-601 Digital signal Processing

• EC-602 Antennas and wave Propagation

• EC-603 (A) DATA COMMUNICATION (Departmental Elective)

• EC-603 (B) CMOS DESIGN (Departmental Elective)

• EC- 603 (C) Satellite Communication (Departmental Elective)

• EC-604 (A) Microcontroller & Embedded system (Open Elective)

• EC-604 (B) BIOMEDICAL ELECTRONICS (Open Elective)

• EC-604 (C) POWER ELECTRONICS (Open Elective)

• EC-605 DATA COMMUNICATION LAB

• EC-606 MICROCONTROLLER & EMBEDDED SYSTEM LAB

​Syllabus of EC-601 Digital Signature Processing

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Discrete-Time Signals and Systems

• Discrete-time signals discrete-time systems

• analysis of discrete-time linear time-invariant systems

• discrete time systems described by difference equation

• solution of difference equation implementation of discrete-time systems

• stability and causality

• frequency domain representation of discrete time signals and systems.

UNIT-2 : The z-Transform

• The direct z-transform

• properties of the z-transform

• rational z-transforms inversion of the z transform

• analysis of linear time-invariant systems in the z- domain

• block diagrams and signal flow graph representation of digital network

• matrix representation.

UNIT-3 : Frequency Analysis of Discrete Time Signals

• Discrete fourier series (DFS)

• properties of the DFS

• discrete Fourier transform (DFT)

• properties of DFT two dimensional DFT

• circular convolution.

UNIT-4 : Efficient Computation of the DFT

• FFT algorithms decimation in time algorithm

• decimation in frequency algorithm

• decomposition for ‘N’composite number.

UNIT-5 : Digital filters Design Techniques

• Design of IIR and FIR digital filters

• Impulse invariant and bilinear transformation

• windowing techniques rectangular and other windows

• examples of FIR filters design using windowing.

List of Experiments :

1. Generation analysis and plots of discrete-time signals.
2. Implementation of operations on sequences (addition multiplication scaling shifting folding etc).
3. Implementation of Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems and testing them for stability and causality.
4. Computation and plot of DTFT of sequences verification of properties of DTFT.
5. Computation and plots of z-transforms verification of properties of z-transforms.
6. Computation and plot of DFT of sequences verification of properties of DFT.
7. Computation and plots of linear/circular convolution of two sequences.
8. Computation of radix-2 FFT- Decimation in time and Decimation in frequency.
9. Implementation of IIR and FIR filter structures (direct cascade parallel etc).
10. Implementation of various window design techniques (Rectangular Bartlett Hann Hamming etc).

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-602 Antennas and Wave Propagation

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Radiation

• Potential function and the Electromagnetic field

• potential functions for Sinusoidal Oscillations

• retarded potential the Alternating current element (or oscillating Electric Dipole) Power radiated by a current element

• Application to short antennas

• Assumed current distribution

• Radiation from a Quarter wave monopole or Half wave dipole

• sine and cosine integral

• Electromagnetic field close to an antenna

• Solution of the potential equations

• Far-field Approximation.

UNIT-2 : Antenna Fundamentals

• Introduction network theorems

• directional properties of dipole antennas

• travelling –wave antennas and effect of feed on standing-wave antennas

• two –element array horizontal patterns in broad-cast arrays

• linear arrays multiplication of patterns

• effect of earth on vertical patterns Binomial array

• antenna gain effective area.

UNIT-3 : Types of antennas

• log periodic antenna loop antenna

• helical antenna biconical antenna

• folded dipole antenna Yagi-Uda antenna

• lens antenna turnstile antenna.

• Long wire antenna : resonant and travelling wave antennas for different wave lengths V-antenna

• rhombic antenna beverage antenna

UNIT-4 : Aperture and slot

• Radiation from rectangular apertures

• Uniform and Tapered aperture

• Horn antenna Reflector antenna

• Aperture blockage Feeding structures

• Slot antennas Microstrip antennas – Radiation mechanism – Application

• Numerical tool for antenna analysis

UNIT-5 : Propagation of radio waves

• Fundamentals of electromagnetic waves

• effects of the environment

• modes of propagation.

• Ground wave propagation- Introduction plane earth reflection

• space wave and surface wave

• transition between surface and space wave

• tilt of wave front due to ground losses.

• Space wave propagation- Introduction

• field strength relation effects of imperfect earth

• curvature of earth and interference zone

• shadowing effect of hills and buildings

• absorption by atmospheric phenomena

• variation of field strength with height

• super refraction scattering

• tropospheric propagation fading

• path loss calculations.

• Sky wave propagation- Introduction

• structural details of the ionosphere

• wave propagation mechanism

• refraction and reflection of sky waves by ionosphere

• ray path critical frequency MUF LUF OF virtual height

• skip distance

• relation between MUF and skip distance.

List of Experiments :

1. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of an Omni Directional Antenna.
2. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Directional Antenna.
3. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Parabolic Reflector Antenna.
4. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Log Periodic Antenna.
5. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Patch Antenna.
6. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Dipole/ Folded Dipole Antenna.
7. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Yagi (3-EL/4EL) Antenna.
8. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Monopole/ WHIP/ Collinear Antenna.
9. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Broad site Antenna.
10. To Plot the Radiation Pattern of a Square Loop Antenna. 

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-603 (A) Data Communication (Departmental Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Data Communication

• Data Communication : Introduction Components

• data representation Serial & Parallel transmission

• Modes of data transmission Line Encoding : Unipolar Polar Bipolar

• Networks – Protocols and standards – Standards organizations – Line configurations – Topology – Transmission mode – Categories of networks – Inter networks.

UNIT-2 : OSI model

• OSI model : Functions of the layers.

• Transmission media : Guided media – Unguided media – Transmission impairment – Performance.

• Switching Circuit switching

• packet switching (virtual circuit and datagram approach) message switching

UNIT-3 : ERROR CONTROL AND DATA LINK PROTOCOLS

• Error detection and correction : Types of errors – Detection – Vertical Redundancy Check (VRC) – Longitudinal Redundancy Check (LRC) – Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) – Check sum – Error Correction.

• Data Link Layer Protocols : Framing HDLC ARQ: Stop and Wait

• Sliding Window. Efficiency

UNIT-4 : NETWORKS

• LAN: Project 802 – Ethernet – Token bus – Token ring – FDDI.

• MAN : IEEE 802.6 (DQDB) – SMDS. X.25

• FRAME RELAY

• ATM AND SONET/ SDH

UNIT-5 : NETWORKING DEVICES AND TCP / IP PROTOCOL SUITE

• Networking and internetworking devices : Repeaters – Bridges – Gateways – Other devices – Routing algorithms – Distance vector routing – Link state routing.

• TCP / IP protocol suite: Overview of TCP/IP.

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-603 (B) CMOS Design (Departmental Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Introduction

• Introduction to CMOS VLSI circuit

• VLSI design flow Design strategies

• Hierarchy regularity modularity locality

• MOS Transistor as a Switches CMOS Logic

• Combinational circuit latches and register

• Introduction of CAD Tool Design entry

• synthesis functional simulation.

UNIT-2 : Specification of sequential systems

• Characterizing equation & definition of synchronous sequential machines.

• Realization of state diagram and state table from verbal description

• Mealy and Moore model machines state table and transition diagram.

• Minimization of the state table of completely and incompletely specified sequential machines.

UNIT-3 : Asynchronous Sequential Machine

• Introduction to asynchronous sequential machine

• Fundamental mode and Pulse mode asynchronous sequential machine

• Secondary state assignments in asynchronous sequential machine

• races and hazards.

UNIT-4 :

• Introduction

• Size and complexity of Integrated Circuits

• The Microelectronics Field

• IC Production Process

• Processing Steps Packaging and Testing

• MOS Processes NMOS Process

• CMOS Process Bipolar Technology

• Hybrid Technology

• Design Rules and Process Parameters

UNIT-5 :

• Dc Models Small Signal Models

• MOS Models MOSFET Models in High Frequency and small signal

• Short channel devices

• Sub threshold Operations

• Modeling Noise Sources in MOSFET’s Diode Models

• Bipolar Models

• Passive component Models.

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-603 (C) Satellite Communication (Departmental Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 :

• Overview of satellite systems : Introduction Frequency allocations for satellite systems.

• Orbits and launching methods : Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion

• terms used for earth orbiting satellites

• orbital elements apogee and perigee heights

• orbit perturbations inclined orbits

• local mean solar point and sun-synchronous orbits

• standard time.

UNIT-2 :

• The Geostationary orbit : Introduction antenna look angles

• polar mount antenna limits of visibility

• near geostationary orbits earth eclipse of satellite

• sun transit outage launching orbits.

• Polarization : antenna polarization

• polarization of satellite signals

• cross polarization discrimination.

• Depolarization : ionospheric rain ice.

UNIT-3 :

• The Space segment : introduction power supply

• attitude control station keeping

• thermal control TT&C subsystem transponders

• antenna subsystem Morelos and Satmex 5

• Anik satellites Advanced Tiros-N spacecraft.

• The Earth segment : introduction

• receive-only home TV systems

• master antenna TV system

• Community antenna TV system

• transmit-receive earth station.

UNIT-4 :

• The space link : Introduction Equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIPR) transmission losses

• the link power budget equation

• system noise carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N)

• the uplink the downlink effects of rain

• combined uplink and downlink C/N ratio

• inter modulation noise inter satellite links.

• Interference between satellite circuits.

UNIT-5 : Satellite services

• VSAT (very small aperture terminal) systems : overview network architecture

• access control protocols

• basic techniques VSAT earth station

• calculation of link margins for a VSAT star network.

• Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) Television and radio : digital DBS TV

• BDS TV system design and link budget

• error control in digital DBS-TV

• installation of DBS-TV antennas

• satellite radio broadcasting.

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-604 (A) Microcontroller & Embedded System (Open Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 :

• 8051 Interfacing Applications and serial communication

• 8051 interfacing to ADC and DAC

• Stepper motor interfacing

• Timer/ counter functions

• 8051 based data acquisition system 8051 connections to RS-232

• 8051 Serial communication

• Serial communication modes

• Serial communication programming

• Serial port programming in C.

UNIT-2 :

• Microcontroller 8096 Introduction to 16-bit Microcontroller

• functional block-diagram memory status

• complete 8096 instruction set

• classification of instruction set

• addressing modes programming examples using 8096

• hardware features of 8096parallel ports

• control &status Registers

• Introduction to 16/32 bit PIC microcontrollers and DSPIC.

UNIT-3 :

• Introduction to Embedded Systems : Definition of embedded system

• embedded systems vs.

• general computing systems

• history of embedded systems

• classification major application areas

• purpose of embedded systems

• characteristics and quality attributes of embedded systems

• common design metrics

• and processor technology: general purpose processor

• application specific processor

• single purpose processor.

UNIT-4 :

• Embedded System Architecture : Von Neumann v/s Harvard architecture instruction set architecture

• CISC and RISC instructions set architecture

• basic embedded processor

• microcontroller architecture

• CISC & RISC examples: 8051 ARM DSP processors.

UNIT-5 :

• Input Output and Peripheral Devices : Timers and counters watchdog timers interrupt controllers PWM keyboard controller

• analog to digital converters

• real time clock.

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-604 (B) Biomedical Electronics (Open Elective)

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : PHYSIOLOGY AND TRANSDUCERS

• Cell and its structure – Resting and Action Potential – Nervous system: Functional organization of the nervous system – Structure of nervous system

• neurons – synapse -transmitters and neural communication – Cardiovascular system – respiratory system – Basic components of a biomedical system – Transducers – selection criteria – Piezo electric

• ultrasonic transducers – Temperature measurements – Fiber optic temperature sensors.

UNIT-2 : ELECTRO – PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS

• Electrodes -Limb electrodes -floating electrodes – propelled disposable electrodes – Micro

• needle and surface electrodes – Amplifiers : Preamplifiers differential amplifiers chopper amplifiers -Isolation amplifier.

• ECG – EEG – EMG – ERG – Lead systems and recording methods – Typical waveforms.

• Electrical safety in medical environment : shock hazards – leakage current Instruments for checking safety parameters of biomedical equipments

UNIT-3 : NON-ELECTRICAL PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS

• Measurement of blood pressure – Cardiac output – Heart rate – Heart sound -Pulmonary function measurements – Spiro meter – Photo Plethysmography

• Body Plethysmography – Blood Gas analyzers : pH of blood -measurement of blood pCO2

• pO2 finger-tip oxymeter – ESR GSR measurements .

UNIT-4 : MEDICAL IMAGING

• Radio graphic and fluoroscopic techniques – Computer tomography – MRI – Ultrasonography – Endoscopy – Thermography – Different types of biotelemetry systems and patient monitoring – Introduction to Biometric systems

UNIT-5 : – ASSISTING AND THERAPEUTIC EQUIPMENTS

• Pacemakers – Defibrillators – Ventilators – Nerve and muscle stimulators

• Diathermy – Heart – Lung machine – Audio meters – Dialysers – Lithotripsy

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-604 (C) Power Electronics (Open Elective )

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Power Semiconductor Switches

• Power diodes – Basic structure and V-I characteristics – various types – DIACs – Basic structure and V-I characteristics – TRIACs – Basic structure and V-I characteristics Power

• BJT : Construction and working principle quasi saturation primary breakdown secondary breakdown.

• IGBTs – Basic structure and V-I characteristics.

• Power MOSFETs – Basic structure and V-I characteristics

• Thyristors – basic structure – static and dynamic characteristics – device specifications and ratings – methods of turning on – gate triggering circuit using UJT

UNIT-2 : Rectifiers

• Thyristors- series and parallel operation methods of turning off – commutation circuits.

• Line frequency phase controlled rectifiers using SCR

• Single Phase – Half wave rectifier with R and RL loads – Full wave half controlled and fully controlled converters with continuous and constant currents – Input side harmonics and power factor – Effect of source inductance

• Three Phase – Half wave rectifier with R and RL loads – Full wave fully controlled converters with continuous and constant currents.

UNIT-3 : Inverters & Cycloconverters Inverters

• Single phase inverters – series parallel and bridge inverters.

• Single Phase Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) inverters – Basic circuit and operation. Single phase series resonant inverter

• Single phase bridge inverters

• Three phase bridge inverters

• Voltage control of inverters

• Harmonics reduction techniques

• Single phase and three phase current source inverters

UNIT-4 : AC Voltage Controllers

• Principle of On-Off and phase controls

• Single phase ac voltage controller with resistive and inductive loads Three phase ac voltage controllers (various configurations and comparison only)

• Single phase transformer taps changer.

• Cyclo Converters-Basic principle of operation

• single phase to single phase

• three phase to single phase and three phase to three phase cyclo converters

• output voltage equation

UNIT-5 : DC – DC Converters

• Choppers – Principle of operation – step-up and step-down choppers.

• Switching regulators – Buck regulators – Boost regulators – Buck-boost regulators – Switched mode power supply – principle of operation and analysis

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-605 Data Communication LAB

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

1. To Study Various Multiplexing Techniques
2. To Study of Network Interface Card (NIC)
3. To Study of Parallel And Serial Transmission
4. To Study of NRZ and RZCodes
5. To Study of Different Types Of Modem.
6. To Study of Integrated Services Digital Network.
7. To Study of Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable and Fibre Optic Cable.
8. To Study of Digital Interface RS-232.
9. To Study Different Topologies.
10. To Study LAN Using Star Topology

== END OF UNITS==

Syllabus of EC-606 Microcontroller & Embedded System LAB

1. Programming using arithmetic logical and bit manipulation instructions of 8051.
2. Program and verify Timer/Counter in 8051.
3. Communication between 8051 kit and PC.
4. To study development tools/environment for ATMEL/PIC microcontroller program and Architecture.
5. Write an ALP to generate square of 10Khz using Timer 0.
6. Write an ALP to display a string on LCD.
7. Write an ALP to interface seven segment with 8051 and display 0-9 on it.
8. Write an ALP to interface DC Motor with 8051
9. Write an ALP to transmit the data using P1 of 8051
10. Write an ALP to interface 4×4 keyboard with 8051.
11. Write an ALP to interface temperature sensor using 8051
12. Write an ALP to interface the lcd 16×2 to P16f877A

As per Keil software available in department.

== END OF UNITS==

==End of Syllabus==