Syllabus of B. Tech. IV Sem EC (RGPV)

Syllabus of ES-401 Energy & Environmental Engineering

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

Module-1 : Introduction to Energy Science

• Introduction to energy systems and resources;

• Introduction to Energy sustainability & the environment;

• Overview of energy systems sources

• transformations efficiency and storage;

• Fossil fuels (coal oil oil-bearing shale and sands

• coal gasification) – past present & future

• Remedies & alternatives for fossil fuels – biomass wind

• solar nuclear wave tidal and hydrogen;

• Sustainability and environmental trade-offs of different energy systems;

• possibilities for energy storage or regeneration (Ex. Pumped storage hydro power projects

• superconductor-based energy storages

• high efficiency batteries)

Module-2 : Ecosystems

• Concept of an ecosystem;

• Structure and function of an ecosystem;

• Producers consumers and decomposers;

• Energy flow in the ecosystem;

• Ecological succession;

• Food chains food webs and ecological pyramids;

• Introduction types characteristic features

• structure and function of the following ecosystem

• (a.)Forest ecosystem (b) Grassland ecosystem (c) Desert ecosystem (d) Aquatic ecosystems (ponds streams lakes rivers oceans estuaries)

Module-3 : Biodiversity and its conservation

• Introduction – Definition: genetic species and ecosystem diversity;

• Bio-geographical classification of India;

• Value of biodiversity : consumptive use productive use

• social ethical aesthetic and option values;

• Biodiversity at global National and local levels;

• India as a mega-diversity nation;

• Hot-sports of biodiversity;

• Threats to biodiversity : habitat loss poaching of wildlife

• man-wildlife conflicts;

• Endangered and endemic species of India;

• Conservation of biodiversity : In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

Module-4 : Environmental Pollution

• Definition Cause effects and control measures of Air pollution

• Water pollution Soil pollution

• Marine pollution Noise pollution

• Thermal pollution Nuclear hazards;

• Solid waste Management : Causes effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes;

• Role of an individual in prevention of pollution;

• Pollution case studies;

• Disaster management : floods earthquake

• cyclone and landslides.

Module-5 : Social Issues and the Environment

• From Unsustainable to Sustainable development;

• Urban problems related to energy;

• Water conservation

• rain water harvesting

• watershed management;

• Resettlement and rehabilitation of people;

• its problems and concerns.

• Case Studies Environmental ethics : Issues and possible solutions.

• Climate change global warming

• acid rain ozone layer depletion

• nuclear accidents and holocaust.

• Case Studies Wasteland reclamation;

• Consumerism and waste products;

• Environment Protection Act;

• Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act;

• Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act;

• Wildlife Protection Act; Forest Conservation Act;

• Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation;

• Public awareness.

Module-5 : Field work

• Visit to a local area to document environmental assets river/forest/grassland/hill/mountain

• Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural

• Study of common plants insects birds.

• Study of simple ecosystems-pond river hill slopes etc.

== END OF UNITS==

 

Syllabus of EC-402 Signals & Systems

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Introduction of Signals and Systems

• Definition of signal

• Classification of Signal and representation : Continuous time and discrete time even/odd periodic/aperiodic

• random/deterministic energy/power

• one/multidimensional some standard signals

• Basic Operations on Signals for CT/DT signal

• transformation of independent & dependent variables

• Definition of system and their classification : CT/DT linear/non-linear variant/non-variant

• causal and non-causal system state/dynamic system

• interconnection of systems.

• System properties : linearity: additivity and homogeneity

• shift-invariance causality stability realizability.

UNIT-2 : Linear Time- Invariant Systems:

• Introduction Impulse Response Representation for LTI Systems Convolution

• Properties of the Impulse Response Representation for LTI Systems

• Difference Equation for LTI Systems

• Block Diagram Representations(direct form-I direct form II Transpose cascade and parallel).

• Impulse response of DT-LTI system and its properties.

UNIT-3 : z-Transform

• Introduction ROC of finite duration sequence

• ROC of infinite duration sequence

• Relation between Discrete time Fourier Transform and z-transform

• properties of the ROC

• Properties of z-transform

• Inverse z-Transform

• Analysis of discrete time LTI system using z Transform

• Unilateral z-Transform.

UNIT-4 : Fourier analysis of discrete time signals

• Introduction Properties and application of discrete time Fourier series

• Representation of Aperiodic signals

• Fourier transform and its properties

• Convergence of discrete time Fourier transform

• Fourier Transform for periodic signals

• Applications of DTFT.

UNIT-5 :

• State-space analysis and multi-input

• multi-output representation.

• The state-transition matrix and its role.

• The Sampling Theorem and its implications- Spectra of sampled signals.

• Reconstruction

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS :

1. Introduction to MATLAB Tool.
2. To implement delta function unit step function ramp function and parabolic function for continuous-time.
3. To implement delta function unit step function ramp function and parabolic function for discrete-time.
4. To implement rectangular function triangular function sinc function and signum function for continuous-time.
5. To implement rectangular function triangular function sinc function and signum function for discrete-time.
6. To explore the communication of even and odd symmetries in a signal with algebraic operations.
7. To explore the effect of transformation of signal parameters (amplitude-scaling time scaling & shifting).
8. To explore the time variance and time invariance property of a given system.
9. To explore causality and non-causality property of a system.
10. To demonstrate the convolution of two continuous-time signals.
11. To demonstrate the correlation of two continuous-time signals.
12. To demonstrate the convolution of two discrete-time signals.
13. To demonstrate the correlation of two discrete-time signals.
14. To determine Magnitude and Phase response of Fourier Transform of given signals.

== END OF UNITS==

 

Syllabus of EC-403 Analog Communication

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 :

• Frequency domain representation of signal : Fourier transform and its properties condition of existence

• Fourier transform of impulse

• stepsignum cosine sine gate pulse constant

• properties of impulse function.

• Convolution theorem (time & frequency)

• correlation(auto & cross)

• energy & power spectral density

UNIT-2 :

• Introduction : Overview of Communication system

• Communication channels Need for modulation

• Baseband and Pass band signals

• Amplitude Modulation : Double side band with Carrier (DSB-C)

• Double side band without Carrier

• Single Side Band Modulation

• DSB-SC DSB-C SSB-SC Generation of AM

• DSB-SC SSB-SC VSB-SC & its detection

• Vestigial Side Band (VSB).

UNIT-3 :

• Types of angle modulation

• narrowband FM wideband FM

• its frequency spectrum transmission BW

• methods of generation (Direct & Indirect)

• detection of FM (discriminators: balanced phase shift and PLL detector)

• pre emphasis and de-emphasis.

• FM transmitter & receiver : Block diagram of FM transmitter& receiver

• AGC AVC AFC

UNIT-4 :

• AM transmitter& receiver : Tuned radio receiver &super heterodyne

• imitation of TRF IF frequency

• image signal rejection selectivity

• sensitivity and fidelity

• Noise in AM FM

UNIT-5 :

• Noise : Classification of noise Sources of noise

• Noise figure and Noise temperature

• Noise bandwidth Noise figure measurement

• Noise in analog modulation

• Figure of merit for various AM and FM

• effect of noise on AM &FM receivers.

List of Experiments:

1. To analyze characteristics of AM modulator & Demodulators.
2. To analyze characteristics of FM modulators& Demodulators.
3. To analyze characteristics of super heterodyne receivers.
4. To analyze characteristics of FM receivers.
5. To construct and verify pre emphasis and de-emphasis and plot the wave forms.
6. To analyze characteristics of Automatic volume control and Automatic frequency control.
7. To construct frequency multiplier circuit and to observe the waveform.
8. To design and analyze characteristics of FM modulator and AM Demodulator using PLL.

== END OF UNITS==

 

Syllabus of EC-404 Control System

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Introduction to Control system

• Terminology and classification of control system

• examples of control system

• mathematical modeling of mechanical and electrical systems

• differential equations transfer function

• block diagram representation and reduction

• signal flow graph techniques.

• Feedback characteristics of control systems : Open loop and closed loop systems

• effect of feedback on control system and on external disturbances

• linearization effect of feedback

• regenerative feedback

UNIT-2 : Time response analysis

• Standard test signals time response of 1st order system

• time response of 2nd order system

• steady-state errors and error constants

• effects of additions of poles and zeros to open loop and closed loop system.

• Time domain stability analysis :

• Concept of stability of linear systems

• effects of location of poles on stability

• necessary conditions for stability

• Routh-Hurwitz stability criteria

• relative stability analysis Root Locus concept

• guidelines for sketching Root-Locus.

UNIT-3 : Frequency response analysis

• Correlation between time and frequency response

• Polar plots Bode Plots

• all-pass and minimum-phase systems

• log-magnitude versus Phase-Plots

• closed-loop frequency response.

• Frequency domain stability analysis :

• Nyquist stability criterion

• assessment of relative stability using Nyquist plot and Bode plot (phase margin gain margin and stability).

UNIT-4 :

• Approaches to system design Design problem

• types of compensation techniques

• design of phase-lag

• phase lead and phase lead-lag compensators in time and frequency domain proportional derivative

• integral and Composite Controllers.

UNIT-5 :

• State space representation of systems

• block diagram for state equation

• transfer function decomposition

• solution of state equation transfer matrix

• relationship between state equation and transfer function

• controllability and observability.

CONTROL SYSTEM LAB :

Control System performance analysis and applications of MATLAB in Control system performance analysis & design.

== END OF UNITS==

 

Syllabus of EC-405 Analog Circuits

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Feedback Amplifier and Oscillators

• Concept of feedback and their types

• Amplifier with negative feedback and its advantages.

• Feedback Topologies.

UNIT-2 : Oscillators

• Concept of Positive feedback

• Classification of Oscillators

• Barkhausen criterion

• Types of oscillators : RC oscillator RC Phase Shift

• Wien Bridge Oscillators.

• LC Oscillator : Hartley Colpitt’s

• Clapp and Crystal oscillator.

UNIT-3 : Introduction to integrated circuits

• Advantages and characteristic parameters of IC’s

• basic building components

• data sheets

UNIT-4 : Operational Amplifier

• Differential amplifier and analysis

• Configurations- Dual input balanced output differential amplifier

• Dual input Unbalanced output differential amplifier

• Single input balanced output differential amplifier

• Single input Unbalanced output differential amplifier Introduction of op-amp

• Block diagram characteristics and equivalent circuits of an ideal opamp

• Power supply configurations for OP-AMP.

UNIT-5 : Characteristics of op-amp

• Ideal and Practical

• Input offset voltage offset current

• Input bias current Output offset voltage

• thermal drift Effect of variation in power supply voltage

• common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR)

• Slew rate and its Effect PSRR and gain bandwidth product

• frequency limitations and compensations

• transient response

• analysis of TL082 datasheet.

UNIT-6 : OP-AMP applications

• Inverting and non-inverting amplifier configurations

• Summing amplifier Integrators and differentiators

• Instrumentation amplifier Differential input and differential output amplifier

• Voltage-series feedback amplifier

• Voltage-shunt feedback amplifier

• Log/ Antilog amplifier Triangular/rectangular wave generator

• phase-shift oscillators Wein bridge oscillator

• analog multiplier-MPY634 VCO Comparator

• Zero Crossing Detector.

• OP-AMP AS FILTERS : Characteristics of filters

• Classification of filters Magnitude and frequency response

• Butterworth 1st and 2nd order Low pass

• High pass and band pass filters

• Chebyshev filter characteristics Band reject filters

• Notch filter; all pass filters self-tuned filters

• AGCAVC using op-AMP.

UNIT-7 : TIMER

• IC-555 Timer concept Block pin configuration of timer.

• Monostable Bistable and A stable Multivibrator using timer 555-IC

• Schmitt Trigger Voltage limiters

• Clipper and clampers circuits Absolute value output circuit

• Peak detector Sample and hold Circuit

• Precision rectifiers Voltage-to-current converter

• Current-to-voltage converter.

UNIT-8 :

• Voltage Regulator : simple OP-AMP Voltage regulator

• Fixed and Adjustable Voltage Regulators

• Dual Power supply

• Basic Switching Regulator and characteristics of standard regulator ICs such as linear regulator

• Switching regulator andlow-drop out regulator.

• Study of LM317 TPS40200 and TPS7250

List of Experiments :

Apparatus Required – Dual Channel Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (0-20 MHz) Function Generator (10MHz and above) Dual Power Supply LM741 TL082 MPY634TPS7250 Probes digital multimeter.

1. To measure and compare the op-amp characteristics: offset voltages bias currents CMRR Slew Rate of OPAMP LM741 and TL082.
2. To determine voltage gain and frequency response of inverting and non-inverting amplifiers using TL082.
3. To design an instrumentation amplifier and determine its voltage gain using TL082.
4. To design op-amp integrator (low pass filter) and determine its frequency response.
5. To design op-amp differentiator (high pass filter) and determine its frequency response.
6. Design 2nd order Butterworth filter using universal active filter topology with LM741
7. To design Astable Monostable and Bi stable multi vibrator using 555 and analyse its characteristics.
8. Automatic Gain Control (AGC) Automatic Volume Control (AVC)using multiplier MPY634
9. To design a PLL using op amp with MPY634 and determine the free running frequency the capture range and the lock in range of PLL
10. Design and test a Low Dropout regulator using op-amps for a given voltage regulation characteristic and compare the characteristics with TPS7250 IC.

== END OF UNITS==

 

Syllabus of EC-406 Simulation Lab

Source: (rgpv.ac.in)

UNIT-1 : Design Optimization and simulation of

1. Basic Electronic circuits (examples rectifiers clippers clampers diode transistor characteristics etc).
2. Transient and steady state analysis of RL/ RC/ RLC circuits realization of network theorems.
3. Use of virtual instruments built in the software.

UNIT-2 : Introduction to PCB layout software

• Overview and use of the software in optimization

• designing and fabrication of PCB pertaining to above circuits simulated using above simulation software.

• Students should simulate and design the PCB for at least two circuits they are learning in the current semester.

== END OF UNITS==

==End of Syllabus==