Syllabus of Diploma (RGPV) II-Year, Civil Engineering

​SEMESTER IV 

HYDRAULICS

PAPER CODE : 7372 SUBJECT CODE : 401

Unit – I: Pressure measurement and Hydrostatic pressure  

• Technical terms used in Hydraulics –fluid, fluid mechanics, hydraulics, hydrostatics and hydrodynamics – ideal and real fluid, application of hydraulics.
• Physical properties of fluid – density-specific volume, specific gravity, surface tension, capillarity, viscosity-Newton’s law of viscosity.
• Various types of pressure – Atmospheric Pressure, Gauge Pressure, Absolute Pressure, Vacuum Pressure. Concept of Pressure head and its unit, Pascal’s law of fluid pressure and its uses.
• Measurement of differential Pressure by different methods.
• Variation of pressure with depth, Pressure diagram, hydrostatic pressure and center of pressure on immersed surfaces and on tank walls.
• Determination of total pressure and center of pressure on sides and bottom of water tanks, sides and bottom of tanks containing two liquids, vertical surface in contact with liquid on either side

Unit– II: Fluid Flow Parameters 

• Types of flow – Gravity and pressure flow, Laminar, Turbulent, Uniform, Non-uniform, Steady, Unsteady flow. Reynolds number.
• Discharge and its unit, continuity equation of flow.
• Energy of flowing liquid: potential, kinetic and pressure energy.
• Bernoulli’s theorem : statement, assumptions, equation.

Unit– III: Flow through pipes 

• Major head loss in pipe: Frictional loss and its computation by Darcy’s Weisbach equation, Use of Moody’s Diagram and Nomograms.
• Minor losses in pipe: loss at entrance, exit, sudden contraction, sudden enlargement and fittings.
• Flow through pipes in series, pipes in parallel and Dupuit’s equation for equivalent pipe.
• Hydraulic gradient line and total energy line.
• Water hammer in pipes: Causes and Remedial measures.
• Discharge measuring device for pipe flow: Venturi meter – construction and working.
• Discharge measurement using Orifice, Hydraulic Coefficients of Orifice.

Unit– IV: Flow through Open Channel 

• Geometrical properties of channel section: Wetted area, wetted perimeter, hydraulic radius for rectangular and trapezoidal channel section.
• Determination of discharge by Chezy’s equation and Manning’s equation.
• Conditions for most economical rectangular and trapezoidal channel section.
• Discharge measuring devices: Triangular and rectangular Notches.
• Velocity measurement devices: current meter, floats and Pitot’s tube.
• Specific energy diagram, Froudes’ Number

Unit– V: Hydraulic Pumps  

• Concept of pump, Types of pump – centrifugal, reciprocating, submersible.
• Centrifugal pump: components and working
• Reciprocating pump: single acting and double acting, components and working.
• Suction head, delivery head, static head, Manometric head
• Power of centrifugal pump.
• Selection and choice of pump.

ADVANCED SURVEYING

PAPER CODE : 7373 SUBJECT CODE : 402 

 Unit – I: Plane Table Surveying

• Principles of plane table survey.
• Accessories of plane table and their use, Telescopic alidade.
• Setting of plane table; Orientation of plane table – Back sighting and Magnetic meridian method, True Meridian Method.
• Methods of plane table surveys- Radiation, Intersection and Traversing.
• Merits and demerits of plane table survey.

Unit– II: Theodolite Surveying

• Types and uses of Theodolite, Components of transit Theodolite and their functions, Reading the Vernier of transit Theodolite.
• Technical terms- Swinging, Transiting, Face left, Face right.
• Fundamental axes of transit Theodolite and their relationship
• Temporary adjustment of transit Theodolite.
• Measurement of horizontal angle- Direct and Repetition method, Errors eliminated by method of repetition.
• Measurement of magnetic bearing of a line, Prolonging and ranging a line, deflection angle.
• Measurement of vertical Angle.
• Theodolite traversing by Included angle method and Deflection angle method.
• Checks for open and closed traverse, Calculations of bearing from angles.
• Traverse computation-Latitude, Departure, Consecutive coordinates, Independent coordinates, balancing the traverse by Bowditch’s rule and Transit rule, Gale’s Traverse table computation.

Unit– III: Tacheometric surveying and Curve setting

• Principles of Tacheometry, Tacheometer and its component parts, Anallatic lens.
• Tacheometric formula for horizontal distance with telescope horizontal and staff vertical.
• Field method for determining constants of tacheometer, Determining horizontal and vertical distances with tacheometer by fixed hair method and staff held vertical, Limitations of tacheometry.
• Types of curves used in roads and railway alignments. Designation of curves.
• Setting simple circular curve by offsets from long chord and Rankine’s method of deflection angles.

Unit– IV: Advanced surveying equipments

• Principle of Electronic Distance Meter (EDM), its component parts and their Functions, use of EDM.
• Use of micro optic Theodolite and Electronic Digital Theodolite.
• Use of Total Station, Use of function keys.
• Measurements of Horizontal angles, vertical angles, distances and coordinates using Total Station, Traversing, Profile Survey and Contouring with Total Station.

Unit– V: Remote sensing, GPS and GIS

• Remote Sensing – Overview, Remote sensing system, Applications of remote sensing in Civil engineering, land use / Land cover, mapping, disaster management.
• Use of Global Positioning System (G.P.S.) instruments.
• Geographic Information System (GIS): Over view, Components, Applications, Software for GIS.
• Introduction to Drone Surveying.

THEORY OF STRUCTURES

PAPER CODE : 7374 SUBJECT CODE : 403 

Unit – I: Direct and Bending Stresses in vertical members 

• Introduction to axial and eccentric loads, eccentricity about one principal axis only, nature of stresses, Maximum and minimum stresses, resultant stresses and distribution diagram.
• Condition for no tension or zero stress at extreme fiber, Limit of eccentricity, core of section for rectangular and circular cross sections, Middle third rule.
• Chimneys of circular cross section subjected to wind pressure, Maximum and minimum stresses, resultant stresses and distribution diagram at base.
• Analysis of dams subjected to horizontal water pressure, conditions of stability, Maximum and minimum stresses, resultant stresses and distribution diagram at base.

Unit – II: Slope and Deflection 

• Concept of slope and deflection, stiffness of beams, Relation among bending moment, slope, deflection and radius of curvature, (no derivation).
• Double integration method to find slope and deflection of cantilever and simply supported beams subjected to concentrated load and uniformly distributed load on entire span.
• Macaulay’s method for slope and deflection, application to cantilever and simply supported beam subjected to concentrated and uniformly distributed load on entire span.

Unit- III: Fixed and Continuous Beam 

• Concept of fixity, effect of fixity, advantages and disadvantages of fixed beam over simply supported beam.
• Principle of superposition, Fixed end moments from first principle for beam subjected to point load, UDL over entire span.
• Application of standard formulae in finding end moments, end reactions and drawing S.F. and B.M. diagrams for a fixed beam.
• Definition, effect of continuity, nature of moments induced due to continuity, concept of deflected shape, practical examples.
• Clapeyron’s theorem of three moment (no derivation), Application of Clapeyron’s theorem maximum up to three spans and two unknown support moment only, Support at same level spans having same and uniform moment of inertia subjected to concentrated loads and uniformly distributed loads over entire span.
• Drawing SF diagrams showing point of contraflexure, shear and BM diagrams showing net BM and point of contraflexure for continuous beams.

Unit– IV: Moment distribution method

• Introduction to moment distribution method, sign convention, Carry over factor, stiffness factor, distribution factor.
• Application of moment distribution method to various types of continuous beams subjected to concentrated loads and uniformly distributed load over entire span having same or different moment of inertia, supports at same level, up to three spans and two unknown support moments only.
• Introduction to portal frames – Symmetrical and unsymmetrical portal frames with the concept of Bays and stories.

Unit– V: Simple trusses 

• Types of trusses (Simple, Fink, compound fink, French truss, pratt truss, Howe truss, North light truss, King post and Queen post truss)
• Calculate support reactions for trusses subjected to point loads at joints
• Calculate forces in members of truss using Method of joints and Method of sections.

BUILDING PLANNING AND DRAWING

PAPER CODE : 7375 SUBJECT CODE : 404

Unit – I: Conventions and Symbols 

• Conventions as per IS 962, symbols for different materials such as earthwork, brickwork, stonework, concrete, woodwork and glass.
• Graphical symbols for doors and windows, Abbreviations, symbols for sanitary and electrical installations.
• Types of lines-visible lines, centre line, hidden line, section line, dimension line, extension line, pointers, arrow head or dots. Appropriate size of lettering and numerals for titles, subtitles, notes and dimensions.
• Types of scale- Monumental, Intimate, criteria for Proper Selection of scale for various types of drawing.
• Sizes of various standard papers/sheets.
• Reading and interpreting readymade Architectural building drawing (To be procured from Architect, Planning Consultants, Planning Engineer).

Unit– II: Planning of Building 

• Principles of planning for Residential and Public building- Aspect, Prospect, Orientation, Grouping, Privacy, Elegance, Flexibility, Circulation, Furniture requirements, Sanitation, Economy.
• Space requirement and norms for minimum dimension of different units in the residential and public buildings as per IS 962.
• Rules and bye-laws of sanctioning authorities for construction work.
• Plot area, built up area, super built up area, plinth area, carpet area, floor area and FAR (Floor Area Ratio).
• Line plans for residential building of minimum three rooms including water closet (WC), bath and staircase as per principles of planning.
• Line plans for public building-school building, primary health centre, restaurant, bank, post office, hostel, Function Hall and Library

Unit– III: Drawing of Load Bearing Structure

• Drawing of Single storey Load Bearing residential building (2 BHK) with staircase.
• Data drawing –plan, elevation, section, site plan, schedule of openings, construction notes with specifications, area statement, Planning and design of staircase- Rise and Tread for residential and public building.
• Working drawing – developed plan, elevation, section passing through staircase or WC and bath.
• Foundation plan of Load bearing structure.

Unit– IV: Drawing of Framed Structure 

• Drawing of Two storeyed Framed Structure (G+1), residential building (2 BHK) with staircase.
• Data drawing – developed plan, elevation, section, site plan, schedule of openings, construction notes with specifications, area statement. Planning and design of staircase- Rise and Tread for residential and public building.
• Working drawing of Framed Structure – developed plan, elevation, section passing through staircase or WC and bath.
• Foundation plan of Framed Structure.
• Details of RCC footing, Column, Beam, Chajjas, Lintel, Staircase and slab.
• Drawing with CAD- Draw commands, modify commands, layer commands.

Unit– V: Perspective Drawing 

• Definition, Types of perspective, terms used in perspective drawing, principles used in perspective drawing
• Two Point Perspective of small objects only such as steps, monuments, pedestals.

WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING

PAPER CODE : 7376 SUBJECT CODE : 405

Unit – I: Introduction to Hydrology 

• Hydrology: Definition and Hydrological cycle
• Rain Gauge: Symons rain gauge, automatic rain gauge,
• Methods of calculating average rainfall: Arithmetic mean, Isohyetal, and Theissen polygon method.
• Runoff, Factors affecting Run off, Computation of run–off.
• Maximum Flood Discharge measurement: Rational and empirical methods, Simple numerical problems.
• Yield and Dependable yield of a catchment, determination of dependable yield.

Unit– II: Crop water requirement and Reservoir Planning 

• Irrigation and its classification.
• Crop Water requirement: Cropping seasons, Crop period, base period, Duty, Delta, CCA, GCA, intensity of irrigation, factors affecting duty, Problems on water requirement and capacity of canal.
• Methods of application of irrigation water and its assessment.
• Surveys for irrigation project, data collection for irrigation project.
• Area capacity curve.
• Silting of reservoir, Rate of silting, factors affecting silting and control measures.
• Control levels in reservoir, Simple numerical problems on Fixing Control levels.

Unit– III: Dams and Spillways 

• Dams and its classification: Earthen dams and Gravity dams (masonry and concrete).
• Earthen Dams – Components with function, typical cross section, seepage through embankment and foundation and its control.
• Methods of construction of earthen dam, types of failure of earthen dam and preventive measures.
• Gravity Dams – Forces acting on dam, Theoretical and practical profile, typical cross section, drainage gallery, joints in gravity dam, concept of high dam and low dam.
• Spillways-Definition, function, location, types and components, Energy dissipaters

Unit– IV: Minor and Micro Irrigation

• Bandhara irrigation: Layout, components, construction and working, solid and open bandhara.
• Percolation Tanks – Need, selection of site.
• Lift irrigation Scheme-Components and their functions, Lay out.
• Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation- Need, components and Layout.
• Well irrigation: types and yield of wells, advantages and disadvantages of well irrigation.

Unit– V: Diversion Head Works & Canals

• Weirs – components, parts, types, K.T. weir – components and construction
• Diversion head works – Layout, components and their function.
• Barrages – components and their functions. Difference between weir and Barrage.
• Canals – Classification according to alignment and position in the canal network, Cross section of canal in embankment and cutting, partial embankment and cutting, balancing depth, Design of most economical canal section.
• Canal lining – Purpose, material used and its properties, advantages.
• Cross Drainage works- Aqueduct, siphon aqueduct, super passage, level crossing.
• Canal regulators- Head regulator, Cross regulator, Escape, Falls and Outlets

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

PAPER CODE : 7377 SUBJECT CODE : 406

Unit – I: Overview of Highway Engineering 

• Role of transportation in the development of nation, Scope and Importance of roads in India and its’ Characteristics.
• Different modes of transportation – land way, waterway, airway. Merits and demerits of roadway and railway;
• General classification of roads.
• Selection and factors affecting road alignment.

Unit– II: Geometric Design of Highway 

• Camber: Definition, purpose, types as per IRC – recommendations.
• Kerbs: Road margin, road formation, right of way.
• Design speed and various factors affecting design speed as per IRC – recommendations.
• Gradient: Definition, types as per IRC – Recommendations.
• Sight distance (SSD): Definition, types IRC – recommendations, simple numerical.
• Curves: Necessity, types: Horizontal, vertical curves.
• Extra widening of roads: numerical examples.
• Super elevation: Definition, formula for calculating minimum and maximum Super elevation and method of providing super-elevation.
• Standards cross-sections of national highway in embankment and cutting.

Unit– III: Construction of Road Pavements 

• Types of road materials and their Tests – Test on aggregates-Flakiness and Elongation Index tests, Angularity Number test, test on Bitumen- penetration, Ductility, Flash and Fire point test and Softening point test.
• Pavement – Definition, Types, Structural Components of pavement and their functions
• Construction of WBM road. Merits and demerits of WBM & WMM road. Construction of Flexible pavement / Bituminous Road, Types of Bitumen and its properties, Emulsion, Cutback, Tar, Terms used in BR-prime coat, tack coat, seal coat, Merits and Demerits of BR.  Cement concrete road -methods of construction, Alternate and Continuous Bay Method, Construction joints, filler and sealers, merits and demerits of concrete roads. Types of joints.

Unit– IV Basics of Railway Engineering

• Classification of Indian Railways, zones of Indian Railways
• Permanent way: Ideal requirement, Components; Rail Gauge, types, factors affecting selection of a gauge.
• Rail, Rail Joints – requirements, types.
• Creep of rail: causes and prevention.
• Sleepers – functions and Requirement, types – concrete sleepers and their density
• Ballast – function and types, suitability.
• Rail fixtures and fastenings – fish plate, spikes, bolts, keys, bearing plates, chairs-types of anchors and anti-creepers.

Unit– V: Track geometrics, Construction and Maintenance

• Alignment- Factors governing rail alignment.
• Track Cross sections – standard cross section of single and double line in cutting and embankment. Important terms-permanent land, formation width, side drains,
• Railway Track Geometrics: Gradient, curves- types and factors affecting, grade compensation, super elevation, limits of Super elevation on curves, cant deficiency, negative cant, coning of wheel, tilting of rail.
• Branching of Tracks, Points and crossings, Turn out- types, components, functions and inspection. Track junctions: crossovers, scissor cross over, diamond crossing, track triangle.
• Station -Purpose, requirement of railway station, important technical terms, types of railway station, factors affecting site selection for railway station.
• Station yard: Classification- Passenger, goods, locomotive and marshalling yards. Function & drawbacks of marshalling yards.
• Track Maintenance- Necessity, Classification, Tools required for track maintenance with their functions, Organisation of track maintenance, Duties of permanent way inspector, gang mate and key man.

PRECAST AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

PAPER CODE : 7378 SUBJECT CODE : 411

Unit – I: Precast concrete Elements 

• Advantages and disadvantages of precast concrete members
• Non-structural Precast elements – Paver blocks, Fencing Poles, Transmission Poles, Manhole Covers, Hollow and Solid Blocks, kerb stones as per relevant BIS specifications
• Structural Precast elements – tunnel linings, Canal lining, Box culvert, bridge panels, foundation, sheet piles
• Testing of Precast components as per BIS standards

Unit– II: Prefabricated building 

• Precast Structural Building components such as slab panels, beams, columns, footings, walls, lintels and chajjas, staircase elements,
• Prefabricated building using precast load bearing and non load bearing wall panels, floor systems – Material characteristics, Plans & Standard specifications
• Modular co-ordination, modular grid, and finishes
• Prefab systems and structural schemes and their classification including design considerations
• Joints – requirements of structural joints and their design considerations
• Manufacturing, storage, curing, transportation and erection of above elements, equipment needed

Unit– III: Introduction to Prestressed Concrete 

• Principles of pre-stressed concrete and basic terminology.
• Applications, advantages and disadvantages of prestressed concrete
• Materials used and their properties, Necessity of high-grade materials
• Types of Pre-stressing steel -Wire, Cable, tendon, Merits-demerits and applications

Unit– IV: Methods and systems of prestressing 

• Methods of prestressing – Internal and External pre-stressing, Pre and Post tensioning- applications
• Systems for pre tensioning – process, applications, merits and demerits – Hoyer system
• Systems for post-tensioning – process, applications, merits and demerits – Freyssinet system, Magnel Blaton system, Gifford Udall system.
• Prestressing force in Cable, Loss of prestress during the tensioning process – loss due to friction, length effect, wobbling effect and curvature effect, (Simple Numerical problems to determine loss of pre-stress), Loss of pre-stress at the anchoring stage.
• Loss of pre-stress occurring subsequently: losses due to shrinkage of concrete, creep of concrete, elastic shortening, and creep in steel, (Simple Numerical problems to determine loss of pre-stress).
• BIS recommendations for percentage loss in case of Pre and Post tensioning.

Unit– V: Analysis and design of Prestressed rectangular beam section

• Basic assumptions in analysis of pre-stressed concrete beams.
• Cable Profile in simply supported rectangular beam section – concentric, eccentric straight and parabolic
• Effect of cable profile on maximum stresses at mid span and at support.
• Numerical problems on determination of maximum stresses at mid spans with linear (concentric and eccentric) cable profiles only.
• Simple steps involved in Design of simply supported rectangular beam section (No numerical problems)

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

PAPER CODE : 7379 SUBJECT CODE : 412 

Unit – I: Construction industry and management

• Organization-objectives, principles of organization, types of organization: government/public and private construction industry, Role of various personnel in construction organization
• Agencies associated with construction work- owner, promoter, builder, designer, architects.
• Role of consultant for various activities: Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR), monitoring of progress and quality, settlement of disputes.

Unit – II: Site Layout

• Principles governing site layout.
• Factors affecting site layout.
• Preparation of site layout.
• Land acquisition procedures and providing compensation.

Unit- III: Planning and scheduling

• Identifying broad activities in construction work & allotting time to it, Methods of Scheduling, Development of bar charts, Merits & limitations of bar chart.
• Elements of Network: Event, activity, dummy activities, Precautions in drawing Network, Numbering the events.
• CPM networks, activity time estimate, Event Times by forward & backward pass calculation, start and finish time of activity, project duration. Floats: Types of Floats-Free, independent and total floats, critical activities and critical path,
• Purpose of crashing a network, Normal Time and Cost, Crash Time and Cost, Cost slope, Optimization of cost and duration.
• Material Management- Ordering cost, inventory carrying cost, Economic Order Quantity
• Store management, various records related to store management, inventory control by ABC technique, Introduction to material procurement through portals (e.g. www.inampro.nic.in)

Unit-IV: Construction Contracts and Specifications

• Types of Construction contracts
• Contract documents, specifications, general special conditions
• Contract Management, procedures involved in arbitration and settlement (Introduction only)

Unit– V: Safety in Construction

• Safety in Construction Industry—Causes of Accidents, Remedial and Preventive Measures.
• Labour Laws and Acts pertaining to Civil construction activities (Introduction only)

==End of Syllabus==